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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Systemic sclerosis: one year in review 2022.

Gemma Lepri1, Martina Orlandi1, Marco Di Battista2

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Italy.

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease. This review summarizes key 2021 research on SSc pathogenesis, organ involvement, and treatments, offering new insights into this severe condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Fibrotic Conditions

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease.
  • SSc involves microvasculopathy, immune dysregulation, and fibrosis.
  • Annual research advances understanding of SSc pathogenesis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of significant 2021 contributions to SSc research.
  • To highlight novel insights into SSc pathogenesis.
  • To summarize advancements in understanding SSc organ involvement and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from 2021.
  • Synthesis of key findings on SSc pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies on SSc organ manifestations and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical advancements in understanding SSc.
  • Summary of new data on the mechanisms driving SSc.
  • Overview of updated knowledge on SSc patient care and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The year 2021 yielded important insights into systemic sclerosis.
  • Continued research is vital for improving SSc management.
  • This review consolidates recent findings for the scientific community.