Thyroid Diseases and Thyroid Asymptomatic Dysfunction in People Living With HIV

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Thyroid diseases (TDs) and asymptomatic thyroid dysfunctions (TADs) are frequently observed alongside Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
• These thyroid conditions often coexist with broader endocrine dysfunctions and hormonal axis dysregulation in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
• Existing research specifically examining thyroid disorders in People Living With HIV (PLWH) is scarce and presents controversial findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and review the current understanding of the primary characteristics of thyroid dysfunctions and disorders in the population of PLWH.
• To highlight the existing knowledge gaps and the need for further investigation into thyroid pathologies within the context of HIV infection.

Main Methods:

• A non-systematic literature review was conducted.
• The review focused on summarizing available studies concerning thyroid health in PLWH.

Main Results:

• The review identified a limited and often contradictory body of evidence regarding thyroid diseases in PLWH.
• Key features and patterns of thyroid dysfunctions in this population are not yet well-established.

Conclusions:

• There is a clear correlation between HIV infection and various thyroid abnormalities.
• The current literature is insufficient to fully comprehend the scope and impact of thyroid pathologies in PLWH.
• Large-scale cohort studies are essential to elucidate the evolution, impact, and optimal management of thyroid disorders in individuals living with HIV.