Environmental DNA Metabarcoding: A Novel Contrivance for Documenting Terrestrial Biodiversity

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Conservation Biology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Biodiversity conservation is hampered by limited data on species and increasing human pressures.
• Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a powerful tool to overcome challenges in conventional biodiversity assessments.
• The application of eDNA in terrestrial ecology is rapidly expanding, yet its strengths and limitations require thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prospects and constraints of using eDNA in terrestrial ecosystems.
• To identify critical considerations for implementing eDNA-based approaches in terrestrial habitats.
• To compile current research findings on terrestrial eDNA analysis from 2012-2022.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on eDNA analysis in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Compilation of research published between 2012 and 2022.
• Analysis of advancements and limitations of the eDNA technique in terrestrial environments.

Main Results:

• eDNA presents significant potential for biodiversity monitoring in terrestrial environments.
• Key challenges include standardization, data interpretation, and understanding degradation rates.
• Despite limitations, eDNA is increasingly valuable for species detection and habitat assessment.

Conclusions:

• eDNA is a promising, non-invasive method for terrestrial biodiversity assessment.
• Further research is needed to refine protocols and address limitations for widespread adoption.
• Strategic implementation of eDNA can significantly enhance conservation strategies in terrestrial ecosystems.