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CDH1 (E-cadherin) Gene Methylation in Human Breast Cancer: Critical Appraisal of a Long and Twisted Story

Lara Bücker1, Ulrich Lehmann1

  • 1Institute of Pathology, Medical School Hannover, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.

Cancers
|September 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Aberrant DNA methylation of the CDH1 gene is investigated in human breast cancer. This review examines conflicting evidence and methodological issues, particularly for invasive lobular breast cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a hallmark of human cancers.
  • The CDH1 gene, encoding E-cadherin, is frequently implicated in breast cancer methylation.
  • Conflicting reports exist regarding CDH1 gene methylation in human breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for and against CDH1 gene methylation in human breast cancer.
  • To discuss methodological reasons for conflicting results in DNA methylation analysis.
  • To investigate CDH1 methylation as a cause of E-cadherin loss in invasive lobular breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published literature on CDH1 gene methylation in breast cancer.
  • Analysis of methodological variations in DNA methylation detection assays.
  • Correlation of CDH1 methylation status with E-cadherin protein expression, especially in invasive lobular breast cancer.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supporting and refuting CDH1 gene hypermethylation in breast cancer was identified.
  • Methodological differences in sample handling, DNA extraction, and methylation detection methods contribute to discrepancies.
  • CDH1 methylation is a potential mechanism for E-cadherin loss in invasive lobular breast cancer, though not consistently observed.

Conclusions:

  • The role of CDH1 gene methylation in human breast cancer remains controversial due to inconsistent findings.
  • Standardization of methodologies is crucial for accurate assessment of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer research.
  • Understanding CDH1 methylation's role is vital for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive lobular breast cancer.
Keywords:
CDH1DNA methylationE-cadherinbreast cancerinvasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC)

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