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Derivation of a Precise and Consistent Timeline for Antibiotic Development.

Henry L Stennett1,2, Catherine R Back1, Paul R Race1,2

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Antibiotic resistance demands new drugs. A detailed timeline reveals strategies for developing novel antibiotics less prone to resistance, emphasizing multiple action modes and unique targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health threat requiring novel therapeutic agents.
  • Existing antibiotic development timelines are often inconsistent, hindering strategic drug discovery.
  • Accurate historical data is essential for understanding resistance emergence patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a comprehensive timeline of antibiotic development, including discovery, use, and resistance emergence.
  • To identify key characteristics of antibiotics that are less susceptible to resistance.
  • To inform future strategies for discovering and developing new antibiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 38 clinically used antibiotic classes.
  • Data compilation on discovery dates, first clinical use, and initial reports of resistance.
  • Analysis of timeline data to identify trends and derive lessons for antibiotic design.

Main Results:

  • A detailed timeline of 38 antibiotic classes, integrating discovery, use, and resistance data.
  • Identification of antibiotic features associated with slower resistance development, such as multiple modes of action.
  • Highlighting the importance of antibiotic stewardship in mitigating resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Developing new antibiotics requires a focus on molecules with inherent resistance-delaying properties.
  • Understanding the historical trajectory of antibiotic resistance is crucial for future drug innovation.
  • The freely available data can support ongoing research in antibiotic discovery and stewardship.