Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Punishment01:27

Punishment

294
Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior....
294
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

145
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
145
The Stanford Prison Experiment03:20

The Stanford Prison Experiment

23.5K
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
23.5K
Primary and Secondary Reinforcers01:23

Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

373
In psychology, reinforcement is a key concept in behavior modification. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments involving rats in what is known as a Skinner box. The rats learned to press a lever to receive food, a primary reinforcer that fulfilled their innate need for nourishment.
Effective reinforcers for humans vary depending on the individual and the context. Primary reinforcers, such as food, water, sleep, shelter, and pleasure, have inherent value and satisfy basic biological...
373
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

14.4K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.4K
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

1.7K
Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Green synthesis of highly dispersed ytterbium and thulium co-doped sodium yttrium fluoride microphosphors for in situ light upconversion from near-infrared to blue in animals.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2017
Same author

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen with Deep-Red Emission for Through-Skull Three-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Mouse.

ACS nano·2017
Same author

AIE Nanoparticles with High Stimulated Emission Depletion Efficiency and Photobleaching Resistance for Long-Term Super-Resolution Bioimaging.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2017
Same author

Functionalized AIE nanoparticles with efficient deep-red emission, mitochondrial specificity, cancer cell selectivity and multiphoton susceptibility.

Chemical science·2017
Same author

Amino Acid Substitutions Associated with Avian H5N6 Influenza A Virus Adaptation to Mice.

Frontiers in microbiology·2017
Same author

Knockdown of SALL4 expression using RNA interference induces cell cycle arrest, enhances early apoptosis, inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity to temozolomide in U251 glioma cells.

Oncology letters·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.5K

Authority or Autonomy? Exploring Interactions between Central and Peer Punishments in Risk-Resistant Scenarios.

Jun Qian1, Xiao Sun1, Tongda Zhang2

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for E-Commerce Technologies, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In risk-resistant scenarios, both central and peer punishments can encourage cooperation. However, their effectiveness and interplay depend on the specific risk level, offering insights into governance strategies.

Keywords:
central punishmentcollaborationevolutionary game theorypeer punishmentrisk-resistant model

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

790
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 28, 2025

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.5K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

790
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Game Theory
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Classical game theory assumes cooperation linearly benefits individuals.
  • Real-world scenarios often involve risk-resistant situations where failure leads to total loss.
  • Existing models do not fully capture the dynamics of cooperation under risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if punishment mechanisms promote cooperation in risk-resistant environments.
  • To analyze the distinct effects of central and peer punishment on collaboration under varying risk levels.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel risk-resistant game-theoretic model.
  • Comparative analysis of central punishment versus peer punishment strategies.
  • Examination of how different risk intensities influence cooperation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Both central and peer punishments effectively enhance cooperation in risk-resistant settings.
  • Central punishment can limit cooperation driven by peer punishment irrespective of risk.
  • Peer punishment's limitation on central punishment-induced cooperation emerges only at high risk levels.

Conclusions:

  • Punishment strategies have nuanced impacts on cooperation depending on risk and governance structure.
  • Findings inform the balance between public autonomy (peer punishment) and central governance (central punishment).
  • The proposed model offers a foundation for more complex risk-resistant game-theoretic analyses.