Venous Thromboembolic Disease in COVID-19, Pathophysiology, Therapy and Prophylaxis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Cardiology
• Hematology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to long-term health issues, including post-COVID syndromes.
• SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, particularly thromboembolism affecting small and large vessels.
• Immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism are significant concerns in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the ongoing challenges posed by post-COVID syndromes and associated cardiovascular complications.
• To review the current understanding and management strategies for thromboembolic complications in COVID-19.
• To highlight the controversies surrounding the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on COVID-19, post-COVID syndromes, and thromboembolic events.
• Analysis of current clinical practices and guidelines for anticoagulant therapy.
• Examination of research on the efficacy and optimal use of LMWH.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 is linked to a higher incidence of thromboembolic events.
• Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a primary treatment for preventing and managing these complications.
• Significant debate exists regarding optimal LMWH prophylaxis dosage and duration of anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 remains a critical clinical challenge.
• Further research is needed to establish definitive guidelines for LMWH use in COVID-19.
• Addressing post-COVID syndromes and their cardiovascular sequelae requires ongoing medical and scientific attention.