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Preparation of Single-cohort Colonies and Hormone Treatment of Worker Honeybees to Analyze Physiology Associated with Role and/or Endocrine System

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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Endogenous Hormone Changes during Spike Development in Phalaenopsis.

Zuo Li¹, Wenfang Xiao¹, Heming Chen¹

¹Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|September 23, 2022

Summary

Gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are key hormones regulating Phalaenopsis orchid spike formation. Reduced ABA and increased GA levels promote axillary bud dormancy breaking and spike initiation in Phalaenopsis.

Keywords:

RNA sequencing axillary bud moth orchid plant hormone spike initiation

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Area of Science:

Plant Science
Molecular Biology
Horticulture

Background:

Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental plants.
Spike and inflorescence formation in Phalaenopsis orchids can be controlled under specific conditions.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of spike development is crucial for commercial cultivation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate transcriptomic profiles and endogenous hormone changes during Phalaenopsis orchid spike formation.
To identify key genes and hormones involved in axillary bud dormancy breaking and spike initiation.
To elucidate the regulatory roles of gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in Phalaenopsis spike development.

Main Methods:

Morphological and anatomical observations of spike development stages (S0-S3).
Transcriptomic profiling to identify differentially expressed genes.
Endogenous hormone content analysis, including IAA, SA, ABA, GA, and cytokinins.
Gene expression analysis of GA and ABA metabolism-related genes (e.g., GA20 oxidase, ABA 8'-hydroxylase).

Main Results:

Four distinct spike initiation and inflorescence primordium differentiation stages were identified.
4080 differentially expressed genes were found, with significant changes between S0/S1 and S1/S2 stages.
Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased, while gibberellic acid 1 (GA1) content increased from S0 to S1.
Expression patterns of GA20 oxidase and ABA 8'-hydroxylase genes correlated with hormone level changes.

Conclusions:

A reduction in ABA and an increase in GA1 levels in Phalaenopsis appear to break axillary bud dormancy.
Gibberellins and abscisic acid are likely key endogenous hormones regulating spike initiation in Phalaenopsis.
GA20 oxidase and ABA 8'-hydroxylase may play crucial roles in GA and ABA mediated regulation of Phalaenopsis spike development.