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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Pediatric Anaphylaxis: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Maria De Filippo1,2, Martina Votto1, Maria Albini1

  • 1Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

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|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric anaphylaxis, often triggered by food, requires prompt management. Adrenaline use in children needs improvement, alongside increased medical community awareness and education for better anaphylactic reaction control.

Keywords:
adolescentsallergic diseasesanaphylaxischildrenintramuscular adrenaline

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction with increasing global incidence.
  • Food allergens are the primary cause of anaphylaxis in pediatric populations.
  • Anaphylaxis exhibits heterogeneity in clinical presentation, severity, and triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical features and management strategies of anaphylactic reactions in children.
  • To identify key triggers and affected systems in pediatric anaphylaxis cases.
  • To evaluate the current management approach, including adrenaline administration.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study design.
  • Inclusion of pediatric patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis between 2001 and 2021.
  • Data analysis of patient demographics, triggers, clinical manifestations, and management.

Main Results:

  • 148 pediatric patients with a median age of 5 years were included.
  • Food was the most frequent trigger for anaphylaxis.
  • Atopic comorbidities (80%) correlated with increased anaphylaxis severity; reactions commonly affected mucocutaneous, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, often occurring at home.
  • Adrenaline was underutilized in the studied cases.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt administration of adrenaline is crucial for managing life-threatening anaphylaxis in children.
  • Enhanced education and awareness regarding anaphylaxis management are vital for the medical community.
  • Addressing atopic comorbidities may be important in preventing severe pediatric anaphylaxis.