From Structural to Functional Hypertension Mediated Target Organ Damage-A Long Way to Heart Failure with Preserved...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Nephrology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Arterial hypertension (AH) is a primary risk factor for heart failure (HF), a leading cause of global mortality.
• Hypertensive-mediated target organ damage (HMOD) encompasses cardiovascular and renal changes crucial for HF development.
• Identifying HMODs is vital for diagnosing and predicting prognosis in hypertensive patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent evidence on key HMODs contributing to HFpEF.
• To focus on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD), subclinical systolic dysfunction, and microalbuminuria.
• To highlight their roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFpEF.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on HMODs and HFpEF.
• Analysis of the relationship between AH, LVH, CMVD, systolic dysfunction, and microalbuminuria.
• Synthesis of evidence linking these factors to HFpEF development and progression.

Main Results:

• LVH, CMVD, and subclinical systolic dysfunction are significant contributors to HF pathogenesis.
• LVH predicts cardiovascular events and influences CMVD and systolic dysfunction.
• Microalbuminuria is implicated in HFpEF development and prognosis.

Conclusions:

• LVH should be considered a diagnostic marker for HFpEF.
• HMODs, including LVH and microalbuminuria, are critical in HFpEF.
• Understanding these markers improves diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for HF.