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P16INK4A-More Than a Senescence Marker.

Hasan Safwan-Zaiter1, Nicole Wagner1, Kay-Dietrich Wagner1

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Life (Basel, Switzerland)
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The protein p16INK4A is a key biomarker for cellular senescence and aging. This review explores its diverse functions beyond senescence, highlighting its broader biological roles.

Keywords:
agingcancerdevelopmentp16pathologiessenescence

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aging involves cellular and organismal functional decline due to accumulated stress.
  • Senescent cells, characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contribute to aging.
  • P16INK4A, a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator, is upregulated in senescent cells and during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of p16INK4A.
  • To explore p16INK4A functions beyond its established role in senescence and aging.
  • To provide insights into p16INK4A's involvement in various biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating p16INK4A.
  • Analysis of research linking p16INK4A to senescence, aging, and other biological functions.
  • Synthesis of findings on p16INK4A's expression and functional significance.

Main Results:

  • P16INK4A expression increases significantly in senescent cells and with aging.
  • P16INK4A serves as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging.
  • Emerging evidence suggests p16INK4A possesses functions independent of senescence and aging.

Conclusions:

  • P16INK4A is a critical biomarker for cellular senescence and aging.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the diverse functions of p16INK4A.
  • Understanding p16INK4A's broader roles may offer new therapeutic targets for age-related conditions.