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A Study on a Cast Steel Reinforced with WC-Metal Matrix Composite.

Aida B Moreira1,2, Laura M M Ribeiro1,2, Pedro Lacerda3

  • 1Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

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This study reinforces low carbon cast steel with tungsten carbide-metal matrix composites (WC-MMCs). The new material shows significantly increased hardness and reduced wear rate, offering an alternative to hard alloy steels.

Keywords:
castingex situ techniquelocal reinforcementlow carbon steelmetal matrix compositetungsten carbide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Low carbon cast steel requires enhanced mechanical properties for demanding applications.
  • Tungsten carbide-metal matrix composites (WC-MMCs) offer potential for superior hardness and wear resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local reinforcement of low carbon cast steel using WC-MMCs.
  • To develop a novel material competitive with hard alloy steels.
  • To characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the reinforced steel.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of a tungsten carbide (WC) and iron (Fe) powder compact.
  • In-situ formation of WC-MMC during steel casting.
  • Microstructural analysis using SEM, EDS, XRD, and EBSD.
  • Mechanical testing including hardness and abrasion tests.

Main Results:

  • Successful in-situ formation of WC-MMC reinforcement within low carbon cast steel.
  • Observed microstructural gradient with WC particle dissolution and formation of various iron-tungsten carbides ((Fe,W)6C, (Fe,W)23C6) towards the base metal.
  • Reinforcement exhibited three times the hardness of the base metal.
  • Wear rate decreased by 39% compared to the base metal.

Conclusions:

  • Local reinforcement with WC-MMCs significantly enhances the mechanical properties of low carbon cast steel.
  • The developed material demonstrates a promising combination of high hardness and improved wear resistance.
  • This approach provides a viable strategy for creating advanced steels for high-performance applications.