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Related Concept Videos

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Micro-RNAs in Human Placenta: Tiny Molecules, Immense Power.

Meiyuan Jin1,2, Qiang Xu1, Jiayong Li3

  • 1National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.

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|September 23, 2022
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate placental development and pregnancy maintenance. Their aberrant expression is linked to pregnancy complications like pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
gestational disorderhuman pregnancymicro-RNAplacentatrophoblast

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Their expression and distribution in the human placenta vary across gestational stages.
  • miRNAs are vital for placental development and maintaining a healthy pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA expression patterns in the human placenta.
  • To elucidate the functional roles of miRNAs in placental development and pregnancy health.
  • To explore the association between miRNA dysregulation and pregnancy disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNA expression and function in human placenta.
  • Analysis of identified miRNAs implicated in placental development and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data linking miRNA dysregulation to specific pregnancy diseases.

Main Results:

  • Numerous miRNAs have been identified in the human placenta, playing key roles in development and maintenance.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is significantly associated with pregnancy complications.
  • Specific miRNAs are implicated in pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, preterm birth, and SGA.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA expression and function in the placenta is critical for diagnosing and treating pregnancy disorders.
  • miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for preventing and managing pregnancy-related diseases.
  • Further research into placental miRNAs could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.