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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

167
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems.

Anna E Caprifico1, Peter J S Foot1, Elena Polycarpou1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK.

Pharmaceutics
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chitosan nanoparticles offer a promising non-viral delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Functionalizing chitosan improves its properties for efficient gene delivery, overcoming limitations for genetic disease repair.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9cancerchitosanchitosan functionalisationgene delivery systemgenetic disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary genome-editing tool for genetic disease repair.
  • Efficient delivery systems are crucial for CRISPR/Cas9 clinical applications.
  • Non-viral nanoparticles, particularly chitosan-based ones, are explored for gene delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze chitosan-based delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9.
  • To discuss approaches for generating effective chitosan-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicles.
  • To suggest future research directions for optimizing these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chitosan nanoparticles for gene delivery.
  • Analysis of chitosan's properties relevant to CRISPR/Cas9 complexation.
  • Evaluation of functionalization strategies to overcome chitosan limitations.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan's positively charged amino groups facilitate stable nanocomplex formation with nucleic acids.
  • Chitosan's poor solubility and limited buffering capacity are key limitations.
  • Chemical functionalization can enhance chitosan's suitability for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosan-based nanoparticles are a viable strategy for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery.
  • Functionalization is essential to improve chitosan's performance.
  • Further development is needed to optimize chitosan delivery systems for therapeutic applications.