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Cooperative Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Irfan Ahmad1, Taj Rahman1, Asim Zeb2
1Department of Physical & Numerical Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
The cooperative energy-efficient routing (CEER) protocol enhances underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) by using sink mobility and cooperative techniques. This approach improves network lifetime and reliability while reducing energy consumption.
Area of Science:
- Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs)
- Network protocols
- Energy efficiency
Background:
- Sensor nodes in UWSNs rely on limited-power batteries, making energy consumption a critical challenge.
- Direct data forwarding to a single sink node creates hotspots, reducing network reliability and stability.
- Existing routing protocols often fail to address energy constraints and hotspot issues effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a Cooperative Energy-Efficient Routing (CEER) protocol for UWSNs.
- To enhance network lifetime and reliability.
- To mitigate energy consumption and the hotspot problem.
Main Methods:
- Implemented a sink mobility scheme to distribute the data gathering load.
- Divided the network area into multiple sections with sink nodes deployed in each.
- Utilized a cooperative technique to improve data transmission reliability.
Main Results:
- The CEER protocol demonstrated superior performance compared to existing routing protocols.
- Significant improvements observed in packet delivery ratio (PDR).
- Reduced energy consumption, transmission loss, and end-to-end delay.
Conclusions:
- The proposed CEER protocol effectively addresses energy efficiency and reliability in UWSNs.
- Sink mobility and cooperative strategies are key to overcoming UWSN limitations.
- CEER offers a promising solution for extending the operational life of underwater sensor networks.
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