Monkeypox: Potentially another pandemic or a mere hoax?

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Virology
• Public Health

Background:

• Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, an orthopox virus.
• It has been endemic in Central and West Africa for decades, with rare sporadic outbreaks globally.
• Recent global outbreaks have raised public health concerns and prompted widespread investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of monkeypox epidemiology, history, virulence, and symptoms.
• To address public concerns regarding the potential for monkeypox to become a global pandemic.
• To summarize current knowledge on monkeypox transmission and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data and scientific publications on monkeypox.
• Analysis of historical and recent outbreak patterns.
• Synthesis of information on viral characteristics, transmission dynamics, and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

• Monkeypox transmission is primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual's pustules.
• Recent outbreaks have involved over nine hundred infections across fourteen countries, indicating increased global spread.
• The review details the virus's history, virulence factors, and characteristic symptoms.

Conclusions:

• While monkeypox outbreaks are concerning, the current epidemiological data is being closely monitored to assess pandemic potential.
• Understanding transmission routes and implementing preventive measures are crucial for controlling the spread of monkeypox.
• Continued research and public health vigilance are essential to manage and mitigate future monkeypox outbreaks.