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Characteristics of Siblings With Celiac Disease Diagnosed by Family Screening

Bilge S Akkelle1, Burcu Volkan1, Engin Tutar1

  • 1Marmara University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey.

Indian Pediatrics
|September 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Asymptomatic siblings diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) were older at diagnosis than their index cases. These sibling cases showed similar characteristics to symptomatic children with CD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Celiac Disease (CD) Genetics and Screening

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, primarily affecting genetically predisposed individuals.
  • Family screening, particularly in siblings of diagnosed patients, is crucial for early detection of CD.
  • Understanding the clinical and serological features of asymptomatic celiac siblings is vital for optimizing diagnostic strategies.

Approach:

  • Retrospective review of hospital records for 210 pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease.
  • Comparative analysis of clinical characteristics, serology (anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA), and histopathology between sibling celiac cases (n=24) and index celiac cases (n=186).
  • Evaluation of associated conditions like iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, wasting, and stunting.

Key Points:

  • Sibling celiac disease (CD) patients were diagnosed at a significantly older age (10.4 years) compared to index celiac disease patients (8.2 years).
  • No significant differences were observed in serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA titers or the severity of villous atrophy between sibling and index celiac groups.
  • The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, wasting, and stunting was comparable across both sibling and index celiac cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic siblings diagnosed with celiac disease present at an older age than their index counterparts.
  • Despite lacking symptoms, sibling celiac cases exhibit clinical and pathological characteristics similar to symptomatic index cases.
  • This highlights the importance of continued screening in asymptomatic siblings, as they may develop the disease with similar severity.
Abstract

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