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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults.

Emma Hargreaves1, Katherine Baker2, Gill Barry2

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 23, 2022
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Summary

Acupuncture may slightly improve overactive bladder symptoms and reduce minor side effects compared to medication, but evidence is limited. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings for overactive bladder (OAB) treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative Medicine
  • Urology
  • Evidence-Based Healthcare

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) affects 11% of the population, increasing with age.
  • OAB symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, and nocturia, impacting quality of life.
  • Current OAB treatments have variable effectiveness and potential side effects, prompting interest in alternatives like acupuncture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for treating overactive bladder (OAB) in adults.
  • To summarize findings from economic evaluations of acupuncture for OAB.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cross-over RCTs.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, AMED, and Chinese language databases.
  • Assessed risk of bias using Cochrane's tool and certainty of evidence using GRADE.

Main Results:

  • Low-certainty evidence suggests acupuncture may slightly improve OAB symptoms and reduce minor adverse events compared to medication.
  • Evidence is very uncertain for acupuncture versus no treatment or sham acupuncture.
  • Acupuncture showed a potential slight benefit in symptom cure/improvement (RR 1.25) and reduced minor adverse events (RR 0.34) versus medication.

Conclusions:

  • Acupuncture shows promise as an adjunct or alternative treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • Low-certainty evidence suggests potential benefits over medication, particularly regarding minor adverse events.
  • Further high-quality research is essential to confirm efficacy and optimize treatment parameters for OAB.