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Immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy response evaluation using oncophysics-based mathematical models.

Mustafa Syed1, Matthew Cagely1, Prashant Dogra2,3

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapies, like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), show promise in cancer treatment but are not durable for all patients. Oncophysics models may unlock new strategies for engineering effective immunotherapy by understanding complex biomarker interactions.

Keywords:
cancerimmunotherapymathematical modeloncologyoncophysics

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the patient's immune system against tumors.
  • While effective for some, ICI therapy response rates are limited and often not durable, necessitating further research into resistance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological mechanisms of ICI action.
  • To explore how oncophysics principles can be integrated into mathematical models for understanding ICI resistance.
  • To identify potential new strategies for engineering improved immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biological mechanisms underlying immunotherapy and ICI action.
  • Integration of oncophysics concepts into mathematical modeling of cancer.
  • Analysis of biomarkers predicting response to ICI therapy.

Main Results:

  • Biomarkers can enrich patient populations for ICI therapy but are not perfectly predictive.
  • Oncophysics offers a framework for understanding the multiscale physical aberrations in cancer relevant to ICI interactions.
  • Mathematical models incorporating oncophysics show promise in capturing ICI complexities.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ICI resistance requires investigating complex biomarker interactions.
  • Oncophysics-based mathematical models provide a promising avenue for dissecting ICI complexities.
  • Future development of rational immunotherapy engineering may benefit from these advanced modeling approaches.