Paired Box Gene 6 Regulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression and Mitigates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in...

This study aimed to investigate the regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by paired box gene 6 (Pax6) and their roles in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in lens epithelial cells (LECs) (SRA01/04, HLE-B3).

Lens anterior capsule membranes of mice of different ages were obtained to compare differences in the expression of Pax6 and HO-1 using Western blotting. Pax6-overexpressing plasmid and small interfering RNA were designed to overexpress and silence Pax6, respectively. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) was used to promote the expression of HO-1. Oxidative damage in LECs was induced by treatment with H₂O₂ (400 µM) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was measured using SOD Assay Kit and apoptotic cells were quantified using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining.

Pax6 and HO-1 expression levels showed an age-dependent decrease in LECs of mouse. Overexpressing Pax6 upregulated HO-1 expression level. Silencing Pax6 downregulated the HO-1 expression level, resulting in increased generation of ROS, reduced SOD activity, decreased cell viability, and increased apoptotic cells of LECs under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Overexpressing Pax6 and CoPP both mitigates H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of HO-1 of LECs.

Pax6 and HO-1 expression levels showed an age-dependent decrease in LECs in mouse anterior capsules. Pax6 could regulate the expression of HO-1 in LECs. The decrease of Pax6 weakened the antioxidant ability of LECs under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by downregulating HO-1, which may be a potential mechanism for the formation of age-related cataract.