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What should we do about monkeypox?

Si Chen1, Xue Li1, Liying Zhang1

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Monkeypox virus infections are spreading globally across multiple animal species and humans. The World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to widespread cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has a history of sporadic outbreaks, primarily in Central and West Africa.
  • Animal reservoirs for MPXV include rodents and non-human primates, with potential for zoonotic transmission.
  • Recent global spread indicates a significant shift in the epidemiology of monkeypox.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the global epidemiology of monkeypox cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) between January and September 2022.
  • To highlight the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) for monkeypox.
  • To underscore the emergence of monkeypox as a novel global health threat.

Main Methods:

  • Data compilation from WHO member states reporting laboratory-confirmed monkeypox cases.
  • Analysis of case counts, deaths, and geographical distribution across WHO regions.
  • Review of the timeline and rationale for the PHEIC declaration.

Main Results:

  • Over 52,000 laboratory-confirmed cases and 18 deaths reported globally by September 2, 2022.
  • The outbreak spanned 102 member states across all 6 WHO regions.
  • Monkeypox was declared a PHEIC on July 21, 2022, reflecting its international spread.

Conclusions:

  • The 2022 monkeypox outbreak represents a significant global public health challenge.
  • The widespread transmission necessitates enhanced surveillance, international cooperation, and public health interventions.
  • Understanding the evolving epidemiology of MPXV is crucial for future control efforts.