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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
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The Right Ventricle: From Embryologic Development to RV Failure.

Matthew R Lippmann1, Bradley A Maron2,3

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 0630-N, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Current Heart Failure Reports
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction, common in congenital heart disease (CHD), stems from unique developmental origins and differs from left ventricle (LV) responses. Emerging therapies target RV-specific molecular pathways for improved treatment.

Keywords:
Adult congenital heart diseaseCongenital heart diseaseLeft ventriclePulmonary hypertensionRight ventricleRight ventricular failure

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Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography
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Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) possess distinct developmental origins, influencing their responses to stress.
  • RV dysfunction is prevalent in congenital heart disease (CHD) and arises from diverse causes beyond isolated afterload increase seen in pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the developmental, structural, and functional disparities between the RV and LV.
  • To review emerging therapeutic strategies for RV dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on RV and LV development and function.
  • Analysis of emerging insights into RV dysfunction pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of current and experimental therapies for RV dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • New findings illuminate the roles of fibrosis, inflammation, myocyte contraction, and mitochondrial dynamics in RV dysfunction.
  • Therapeutic strategies are being evaluated in experimental and clinical trials to enhance RV function.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RV-specific molecular alterations compared to the LV is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Addressing the unique aspects of RV dysfunction holds promise for improved patient outcomes in CHD and other right heart conditions.