Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.4K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.4K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.8K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

9.2K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
9.2K
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

236
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
236
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

463
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
463

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discrepancies between insertion and target gain are associated with hearing aid abandonment in Chilean older adults.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Global Trends in National Alcohol Control Policies Between 2010-2019.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Unveiling Dental Students' Baseline Self-Regulated Learning Skills During an Authentic Diagnostic Reasoning Task.

Journal of dental education·2026
Same author

Review Article: Implementation Challenges in Helicobacter pylori Management: Bridging Evidence and Real-World Practice.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Strengthening teachers' dual role in self-regulated learning during diagnostic reasoning supervision.

Medical teacher·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy and Acceptability of a Mobile Health Hearing Screening Program for Older Adults in Primary Care: A Multicenter Study.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

947

Phantosmia May Predict Long-Term Measurable Olfactory Dysfunction After COVID-19.

Jai-Sen Leung1, Valentina Paz Cordano1, Eduardo Fuentes-López2

  • 1Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

The Laryngoscope
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 was common, affecting 29% of patients after one year. Phantosmia, or phantom smells, at the start of the illness was a key risk factor for long-term smell loss.

Keywords:
COVID-19anosmiahyposmiaolfaction disorders

More Related Videos

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

947
A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.1K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) following SARS-CoV-2 infection is a significant global health concern.
  • The prevalence and predisposing factors for long-term OD after COVID-19 require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of persistent olfactory dysfunction one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To identify demographic and symptomatic factors associated with long-term olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 100 adult COVID-19 patients.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and symptom surveys at baseline, 30 days, and 1 year.
  • Demographic data and symptoms, including phantosmia, were analyzed for association with persistent OD.

Main Results:

  • Of 100 patients, 75% had smell loss at baseline, decreasing to 40% after 1 month, with 29% experiencing persistent OD after 1 year.
  • Phantosmia at baseline was the sole identified risk factor for persistent OD after 1 year (RR 2.51).
  • Phantosmia at 1 month was significantly associated with a decline in olfaction, irrespective of the overall smell function outcome.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently causes olfactory dysfunction that can persist for at least one year.
  • Phantosmia emerges as a critical predictor of persistent olfactory dysfunction and warrants closer monitoring.
  • Further long-term follow-up studies are necessary to fully understand the trajectory of olfactory recovery.