Novel Split Intein-Mediated Enzymatic Channeling Accelerates the Multimeric Bioconversion Pathway of Ginsenoside

Cascade reaction systems, such as protein fusion and synthetic protein scaffold systems, can both spatially control the metabolic flux and boost the productivity of multistep enzymatic reactions. Despite many efforts to generate fusion proteins, this task remains challenging due to the limited expression of complex enzymes. Therefore, we developed a novel fusion system that bypasses the limited expression of complex enzymes via a post-translational linkage. Here, we report a split intein-mediated cascade system wherein orthogonal split inteins serve as adapters for protein ligation. A genetically programmable, self-assembled, and traceless split intein was utilized to generate a biocatalytic cascade to produce the ginsenoside compound K (CK) with various pharmacological activities, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. We used two types of split inteins, consensus atypical (Cat) and Rma DnaB, to form a covalent scaffold with the three enzymes involved in the CK conversion pathway. The multienzymatic complex with a size greater than 240 kDa was successfully assembled in a soluble form and exhibited specific activity toward ginsenoside conversion. Furthermore, our split intein cascade system significantly increased the CK conversion rate and reduced the production time by more than 2-fold. Our multienzymatic cascade system that uses split inteins can be utilized as a platform for regulating multimeric bioconversion pathways and boosting the production of various high-value substances.