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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Published on: May 21, 2013

Cellular therapy and tissue engineering for cartilage repair.

A Zelinka¹, A J Roelofs², R A Kandel¹

¹Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Dept. Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

|September 23, 2022

Summary

Articular cartilage repair remains challenging. Tissue engineering strategies, using scaffolds and cells, are advancing, alongside molecular therapies targeting joint-resident stem cells for enhanced cartilage regeneration.

Keywords:

Cartilage repair Osteoarthritis Regenerative medicine Stem cells Tissue engineering

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Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

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Published on: May 21, 2013

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

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Published on: May 21, 2013

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Orthopaedics

Background:

Articular cartilage (AC) has a limited intrinsic repair capacity, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies.
Tissue engineering for cartilage repair has evolved significantly since 1977, with cell-based interventions now in clinical practice and others in development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage repair.
To discuss challenges, advancements, and future directions in cartilage regeneration.
To explore novel molecular therapies for enhancing endogenous repair mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on cell types (chondrocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells), scaffolds (natural, synthetic, multiphasic, scaffold-free), and advanced technologies (bioreactors, 3D bioprinting).
Discussion of methods to improve cartilage properties, including mechanical stimulation, hypoxic culture, and growth factor stimulation.
Analysis of recent findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair.

Main Results:

Various tissue engineering strategies, including scaffold-based and scaffold-free systems, offer potential for cartilage repair.
Challenges remain in achieving zonal organization and seamless integration with host tissue.
Advanced techniques and molecular therapies show promise for improving cartilage thickness, organization, and mechanical function.

Conclusions:

A personalized approach is crucial, as a one-fits-all solution for articular cartilage repair is unlikely.
Understanding underlying repair mechanisms is key to refining cell therapy and tissue engineering.
Novel molecular targets are emerging to enhance the reparative potential of joint-resident stem and progenitor cells.