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Adolescent Bone Advantages 3 Years After Resistance Training Trial
Jill Thein-Nissenbaum1,2, Deena M Weiss1, Stephanie A Kliethermes1,3
1School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI,USA.
Pediatric Exercise Science
|September 23, 2022
Summary
High-effort resistance training in adolescent girls led to lasting skeletal benefits 3 years post-intervention. This school-based program improved bone mineral content and density in key areas.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Exercise Science
- Bone Health Research
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- School-based exercise interventions are crucial for adolescent skeletal development.
- Long-term skeletal benefits of resistance training in girls require further investigation.
- Understanding the impact of exercise intensity on bone health is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the maintenance of skeletal advantages 3 years after a 2-year school-based exercise trial in adolescent girls.
- To evaluate the long-term effects of different effort levels in resistance training on bone parameters.
- To compare bone outcomes between high-effort, low-effort, and control groups.
Main Methods:
- A 2-year controlled exercise trial involving middle-school girls in resistance training (high-effort [HI] and low-effort [LO]) and a control group (CON).
- Baseline and follow-up assessments (6, 18, 54 months) included densitometry and anthropometry.
- Linear mixed effects models analyzed bone outcomes (bone mineral content, bone mineral density) across follow-up points.
Main Results:
- High-effort training (HI) showed significantly greater bone gains compared to the control group (CON) across all time points.
- At 3-year follow-up (FU3), HI participants had superior bone values at the sub-head, legs, femoral neck, and third lumbar vertebra compared to CON.
- Adjustments were made for height, gynecologic age, baseline bone status, and physical activity levels.
Conclusions:
- Adolescent girls engaging in high-effort resistance training achieved significant and sustained skeletal benefits 3 years after program completion.
- School-based resistance programs, particularly with higher effort, can positively impact long-term bone health in adolescent females.
- These findings support the implementation of structured, high-intensity exercise programs for optimizing adolescent skeletal development.
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