Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 27, 2025
09:33
High-Resolution Complexome Profiling by Cryoslicing BN-MS Analysis
Published on: October 15, 2019
7.3K
Structure and Dynamics of the Human Multi-tRNA Synthetase Complex
Myung Hee Kim1, Beom Sik Kang2
1Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea. mhk8n@kribb.re.kr.
Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|September 23, 2022
Summary
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) crucial for protein synthesis. This complex also regulates other biological processes, highlighting its essential role beyond translation.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are vital enzymes for protein synthesis.
- ARSs possess extran slational functions, influencing immunity and metabolism.
- The cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) integrates multiple ARSs and regulatory proteins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural aspects of the human MSC.
- To explore the protein components of the human MSC.
- To elucidate the regulatory functions of the MSC beyond its catalytic role.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on MSC structure and function.
- Analysis of studies investigating the protein-protein interactions within the MSC.
- Examination of evidence for MSC's non-canonical biological roles.
Main Results:
- The human MSC comprises eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting proteins.
- Structural integrity of the MSC is critical for cellular viability.
- The MSC plays a significant role in regulating biological processes beyond protein synthesis.
Conclusions:
- The MSC is a key regulator of complex biological systems.
- Understanding MSC structure is essential for comprehending its diverse functions.
- Further research is needed to fully delineate the MSC's role in cellular regulation.
Keywords:
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetaseMSC structureMulti-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC)Non-canonical functionProtein synthesisMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:18ATP Synthase: Structure
13.0K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
13.0K
02:41Protein Complex Assembly
10.7K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
10.7K
02:26tRNA Activation
19.8K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
19.8K
01:48ATP Synthase: Mechanism
15.1K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.1K
01:19RNA Structure
5.1K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
5.1K
02:36Transfer RNA Synthesis
12.2K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.2K