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[Rotavirus vaccines].

Evelyne Kohli1, Frédéric Huet2

  • 1Université de Bourgogne, laboratoire des interactions muqueuses-agents transmissibles (LIMA), UPR562, UFRs médecine et pharmacie, IFR Santé-STIC, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
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Group A rotavirus causes severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines show promise in reducing severe diarrhea, but efficacy in Africa and Asia requires further study.

Keywords:
gastroenteritisrotavirusvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Context:

  • Group A rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children globally, responsible for approximately 500,000 deaths annually, primarily in low-income nations.
  • Two oral rotavirus vaccines, a monovalent and a pentavalent formulation, are licensed and were recommended by the WHO for routine immunization in developed countries starting in 2006.
  • Recent studies indicate significant positive impacts of rotavirus vaccination on severe diarrhea burden in countries with early vaccine introduction.

Purpose:

  • To review the current status and impact of rotavirus vaccination globally.
  • To highlight ongoing research questions regarding vaccine efficacy in diverse regions and potential strain evolution.
  • To provide an overview of the global recommendations and current vaccination landscape.

Summary:

  • Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in Europe and America, leading to WHO recommendations for widespread infant immunization since 2009.
  • Emerging data suggests substantial reductions in severe diarrhea following vaccine introduction in various countries.
  • Key areas for continued investigation include vaccine efficacy in African and Asian populations, potential rotavirus strain evolution under vaccination pressure, and the risk of intussusception.

Impact:

  • Rotavirus vaccination has the potential to significantly decrease the global burden of severe childhood diarrhea and associated mortality.
  • Further research is crucial to address regional efficacy variations and safety concerns, ensuring equitable global health benefits.
  • The findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and research to optimize rotavirus vaccine strategies worldwide.