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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
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[Advances of long non-coding RNA encoded micro-peptides].

Jianfeng Pan1, Fangzheng Shang1, Rong Ma1

  • 1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|September 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can encode micro-peptides that regulate vital biological processes. Understanding these lncRNA-derived peptides offers new avenues for disease treatment and improving animal growth.

Keywords:
cancerembryonic developmentinflammationlong non-coding RNAmicro-peptidemuscle physiologyshort open reading frames

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides.
  • Some lncRNAs contain short open reading frames (sORFs) capable of encoding functional micro-peptides.
  • These micro-peptides are involved in critical cellular functions and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on micro-peptides encoded by lncRNAs.
  • To explore the roles of these micro-peptides in muscle physiology, immunity, cancer, and embryonic development.
  • To identify challenges and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides.
  • Synthesis of findings across various biological domains including physiology, pathology, and development.
  • Analysis of current challenges and future prospects.

Main Results:

  • lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides participate in Ca2+ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, and cellular senescence.
  • These peptides are implicated in maintaining homeostasis, disease progression (including cancer), and embryonic development.
  • Recent advancements highlight their regulatory roles in muscle physiology, inflammation, immunity, and human cancers.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA-derived micro-peptides are crucial regulators of diverse biological processes.
  • Further research into their mechanisms can provide a basis for targeted disease therapies and enhanced animal growth.
  • Addressing current challenges will facilitate deeper understanding and application of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides.