[Advances of long non-coding RNA encoded micro-peptides]

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides.
• Some lncRNAs contain short open reading frames (sORFs) capable of encoding functional micro-peptides.
• These micro-peptides are involved in critical cellular functions and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the latest research on micro-peptides encoded by lncRNAs.
• To explore the roles of these micro-peptides in muscle physiology, immunity, cancer, and embryonic development.
• To identify challenges and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides.
• Synthesis of findings across various biological domains including physiology, pathology, and development.
• Analysis of current challenges and future prospects.

Main Results:

• lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides participate in Ca2+ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, and cellular senescence.
• These peptides are implicated in maintaining homeostasis, disease progression (including cancer), and embryonic development.
• Recent advancements highlight their regulatory roles in muscle physiology, inflammation, immunity, and human cancers.

Conclusions:

• lncRNA-derived micro-peptides are crucial regulators of diverse biological processes.
• Further research into their mechanisms can provide a basis for targeted disease therapies and enhanced animal growth.
• Addressing current challenges will facilitate deeper understanding and application of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides.