Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

39.2K
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
39.2K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

184
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
184
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.1K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.1K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.6K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.6K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.4K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.4K
Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

Ethical Dilemmas II

1.3K
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Surrogacy and the Moral Significance of Gestation: Reassessing Procreative Responsibilities.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Capable, Unbearably Suffering, and Excluded: People With Mental Illness and the Ethics of Canada's Assisted-Dying Regime.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Transhumanism Without Transindividuation in the Age Without Epochality: Stiegler, Vice, and Radical Human Enhancement.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Between Safeguard and Constraint: Navigating Patient Autonomy in Protective Laws for Medical Assistance in Dying.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

Bioethics of Space Exploration: Life, Risk, and Responsibility Beyond Earth.

Bioethics·2026
Same journal

The Concept of Harm in Medical Ethics.

Bioethics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

9.1K

Nudges and hard choices.

Sarah Zoe Raskoff1

  • 1Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Bioethics
|September 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nudges, small changes influencing decisions, may undermine "formative autonomy" in complex medical choices. These interventions risk limiting patients

Keywords:
autonomychoice architectureincomplete preferencesnudges

More Related Videos

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.5K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

9.1K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.5K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Decision science
  • Medical ethics
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Nudges are subtle choice architecture modifications impacting decisions.
  • Nudges are often justified as paternalistic interventions respecting autonomy.
  • Existing research overlooks 'hard choices' where preferences are conflicted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of nudges on patient autonomy in medical decision-making.
  • To introduce the concept of 'formative autonomy' in the context of hard choices.
  • To argue for a cautious approach to nudges in medical contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of nudges and autonomy.
  • Examination of 'hard choices' in medical decision-making.
  • Ethical argument regarding formative autonomy.

Main Results:

  • Many significant medical decisions represent 'hard choices'.
  • Hard choices offer opportunities for patients to exercise 'formative autonomy'.
  • Nudges may infringe upon this formative autonomy by preempting preference formation.

Conclusions:

  • The use of nudges in medical contexts requires careful consideration of potential infringement on formative autonomy.
  • Interventions should be sensitive to the risk of depriving patients of opportunities to shape their values.
  • Further research is needed on ethically implementing nudges in healthcare settings.