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The impact of birth weight and gestational age on acute mastoiditis in children

Elchanan Zloczower1, Noam Bartov2, Raviv Allon2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. chanani9@gmail.com.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|September 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth do not increase acute mastoiditis (AM) severity or complications. However, LBW infants develop AM later, and preterm infants experience recurrent AM more frequently.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Previous studies link preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) to acute otitis media.
  • The relationship between LBW/preterm birth and acute mastoiditis (AM) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of LBW and preterm birth on AM severity.
  • To assess neuro-otological complications and recurrence rates in infants with AM.
  • To identify distinct disease courses in LBW and preterm infants with AM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 294 children diagnosed with AM between 1999 and 2020.
  • Data collected included gestational age, birth weight, clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging, and long-term outcomes.
  • Comparison between LBW/preterm infants and normal birth weight/gestational age infants.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in AM severity, laboratory findings, imaging, or late complications were observed between LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) groups, or between preterm and normal gestational age groups.
  • LBW children were diagnosed with AM at a statistically older age (2.28 years) compared to NBW children (1.84 years).
  • Preterm infants showed a higher propensity for recurrent AM episodes with shorter intervals between events.

Conclusions:

  • LBW and preterm birth are not independent risk factors for increased AM severity, intervention needs, or future complications.
  • LBW infants present with AM at an older age, and preterm infants are more susceptible to recurrent AM, indicating unique disease trajectories.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute mastoiditisLow birth weightMastoidectomyPreterm birth

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