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Mud sound speed profile constraints from sub-bottom arrival times.

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Phase of the seabed frequency-domain reflection coefficient: Measurements and modelinga).

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Depth and frequency dependence of geoacoustic properties on the New England Mud Patch from reflection coefficient inversiona).

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Sound speed gradients in mud.

Charles W Holland1

  • 1Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA charles.holland@pdx.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estimates of sound speed gradients in mud layers were refined using new seabed reflection data. Results show these gradients are much weaker than previously thought, supported by consistent mud porosity measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Acoustics
  • Marine Geology

Background:

  • Estimating sound speed profiles in marine sediments is crucial for geophysical surveys.
  • Previous methods suggested high sound speed gradients in mud layers at the New England Mud Patch.
  • These high gradients pose challenges for accurate acoustic modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To constrain the possible values of sound speed gradients in mud.
  • To reconcile conflicting estimates of sound speed gradients.
  • To improve the understanding of acoustic wave propagation in marine sediments.

Main Methods:

  • New measurements of the seabed reflection coefficient across a wide frequency range.
  • Analysis of the angle of intromission from reflection data.
  • Examination of sediment core data for porosity variations.

Main Results:

  • Seabed reflection data revealed an angle of intromission over three octaves.
  • These measurements indicate significantly weaker sound speed gradients than previously estimated.
  • Sediment core analysis showed nearly constant porosity throughout the mud layer.

Conclusions:

  • Sound speed gradients in the New England Mud Patch are substantially weaker than |10 s⁻¹|.
  • The weak gradients are consistent with uniform mud porosity.
  • Accurate acoustic modeling requires considering these refined sound speed profile constraints.