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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

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ADHEAR device in bone conduction audiometry.

Flurin Pfiffner1, Andrea Kegel1, Rudolf Probst1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland flurin.pfiffner@usz.ch, andrea.kegel@usz.ch, rudolfr.probst@uzh.ch.

JASA Express Letters
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ADHEAR bone conduction hearing aid shows comparable reliability to the Radio-Ear B71 for audiometric testing. This adhesive device offers improved comfort for normal-hearing subjects.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hearing Device Technology

Background:

  • Bone conduction hearing aids utilize adhesive skin adapters.
  • The Radio-Ear B71 is a standard device for bone conduction audiometry.
  • Assessing new devices for audiometric bone stimulation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ADHEAR device as an audiometric bone stimulator.
  • To compare the test-retest reliability and comfort of ADHEAR against the Radio-Ear B71 in normal-hearing individuals.

Main Methods:

  • 15 normal-hearing subjects participated in the study.
  • Bone conduction thresholds were measured using both ADHEAR and Radio-Ear B71.
  • Measurements were repeated for each device in a randomized order to assess test-retest reliability.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in test-retest reliability were found between ADHEAR and the Radio-Ear B71.
  • Subjects reported significantly better comfort with the ADHEAR device.
  • Audiometric bone conduction thresholds were comparable between the two devices.

Conclusions:

  • ADHEAR demonstrates potential as a reliable alternative bone conduction device for audiometric testing.
  • The improved comfort of ADHEAR suggests its suitability for certain audiological applications.
  • Further development of adhesive bone stimulators for audiology may be beneficial.