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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds
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Quantifying mechanical and metabolic interdependence between speed and propulsive force during walking.

Richard E Pimentel1,2, Jordan N Feldman1,2, Michael D Lewek2

  • 1Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Joint Department of BME, UNC, and NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Propulsive force (FP) during push-off significantly influences walking speed, explaining 80% of its variance. Optimizing FP may enhance walking performance and reduce metabolic cost.

Keywords:
energy expendituregaitlocomotionpush-offtreadmillwalking economy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human locomotion
  • Gait analysis

Background:

  • Walking speed is a key indicator of overall health.
  • Interlimb coordination, involving propulsive (FP) and braking (FB) forces, governs walking speed.
  • FP during push-off is crucial for walking performance and metabolic efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish empirical relationships between FP and walking speed.
  • To quantify the impact of FP and walking speed on metabolic cost in young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a self-paced treadmill with real-time biofeedback.
  • Independently controlled walking speed and FP across various intensities.
  • Measured metabolic cost, net metabolic power, and cost of transport.

Main Results:

  • Increased FP led to faster walking speeds, explaining ~80% of walking speed variance.
  • Changes in FP or walking speed similarly affected metabolic cost.
  • FP and walking speed explained ~53% of net metabolic power variance and ~14% of cost of transport variance.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated an interdependent relationship between FP and walking speed.
  • Interventions targeting FP are likely to improve walking speed.
  • Further research in diverse populations can elucidate gait decline in aging and disease.