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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

3.3K
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

53
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

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Ageing meets kidney disease.

Alberto Ortiz1,2,3, Francesco Mattace-Raso4, María José Soler5

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain.

Clinical Kidney Journal
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition affecting kidney structure and function. In older adults, CKD significantly increases the risk of premature death, often preceding kidney failure.

Keywords:
ageingchronic kidney diseasecognitive declinehaemodialysissarcopaeniatransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by kidney structure/function abnormalities lasting over 3 months.
  • Diagnostic criteria include albumin:creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m².
  • CKD prevalence is highest in older adults, with GFR naturally declining with age.

Discussion:

  • CKD is linked to increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in those over 75.
  • Premature death is a more frequent outcome than progression to kidney failure.
  • The global population's ageing projects CKD to be the second leading cause of death by century's end.

Key Insights:

  • Selected studies cover cognitive decline, sarcopenia, wasting, and cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular morbidity in CKD.
  • Focus on kidney failure management and gender differences in CKD progression.
  • CKD accelerates aging and elevates mortality risk across all age groups.

Outlook:

  • CKD poses a significant and growing global health challenge due to population aging.
  • Further research is needed on managing CKD complications and disparities.
  • Understanding gender differences is crucial for tailored CKD care.