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Relapsing polychondritis causing breathlessness: Two case reports
Song-Yu Zhai1, Yu-Hao Zhang2, Ru-Yan Guo3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
World Journal of Clinical Cases
|September 26, 2022
Summary
Relapsing polychondritis affecting the larynx and trachea requires prompt diagnosis and individualized treatment. Early intervention with diagnostic tools like bronchoscopy can improve outcomes for this rare autoimmune condition.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder targeting cartilage and proteoglycan-rich tissues.
- Laryngeal and tracheal involvement signifies rapid deterioration and poor prognosis due to airway collapse.
- Improved clinical awareness of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is crucial for this condition.
Observation:
- Two patients presented with breathlessness, leading to a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis.
- Standard treatments with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants were insufficient for severe breathing difficulties.
- Tracheotomy was required to manage airway compromise in both cases.
Findings:
- Timely diagnosis, comprehensive evaluation, and tailored treatment are vital for relapsing polychondritis with airway involvement.
- Diagnostic procedures including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and pathological examination aid in diagnosis.
- Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants may not be sufficient in advanced cases, necessitating airway intervention.
Implications:
- Highlights the critical need for early recognition and management of laryngeal and tracheal relapsing polychondritis.
- Emphasizes the utility of specific diagnostic tools for accurate disease identification.
- Underscores the importance of individualized treatment strategies, including surgical intervention when necessary, for better patient outcomes.
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