Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 27, 2025
A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
Published on: February 7, 2025
Post‑COVID‑19 syndrome in children (Review)
Filippos Filippatos1, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi2, Athanasios Michos1
1First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Insights
Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) in children remains unclear, with varying symptom prevalence. Further research is needed to understand risk factors and immune system roles in pediatric long COVID.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Immunology
- Public health
Background:
- Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) describes persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Long-term clinical outcomes in children post-SARS-CoV-2 infection require further investigation.
- Evidence suggests a lower prevalence of PCS in children compared to adults, but study heterogeneity complicates incidence estimation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and describe long-term symptoms of PCS in children across biological systems.
- To identify potential risk factors associated with PCS in pediatric populations.
- To explore the role of the immune system in the development and course of PCS in children.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of studies on post-COVID syndrome in children.
- Analysis of reported long-term symptoms categorized by biological system.
- Examination of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Heterogeneity in current studies makes precise PCS incidence in children difficult to ascertain.
- Risk factors and recovery patterns differ between adult and pediatric PCS.
- Potential mechanisms include age-dependent immune responses, ACE2 expression, and social factors.
Conclusions:
- The exact incidence and clinical spectrum of PCS in children are not well-defined.
- Age-specific immune responses and other factors may influence PCS development in children.
- Longitudinal studies are essential to clarify the pathophysiology and long-term outcomes of PCS in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
The persistence of symptoms for a long time after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is now familiar as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). To the best of our knowledge, the risk of long-term clinical outcomes in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. Unlike in adults, current evidence suggests a lower prevalence of persistent symptoms in children. However, since several studies are characterized by great heterogeneity, it is difficult to accurately estimate the exact incidence of PCS in children. The presence and course of recovery depend on risk factors that are more common in adults than children. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms in PCS in children include age-dependent immune responses, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, blood-brain barrier development or social issues affecting children behavior, such as school closure and social isolation. However, further longitudinal studies are required for unanswered issues to be clarified. The aim of the present review is to describe the long-term symptoms per biological system in children, potential risk factors and the role of the immune system in the presence of PCS.
More Related Videos
09:03Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published on: November 7, 2020
08:25Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
Published on: December 6, 2024
Related Concept Videos
01:20COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
01:27Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
01:26Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
01:28Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
01:19Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment