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Gendered citation patterns among the scientific elite.

Kristina Lerman1, Yulin Yu2, Fred Morstatter1

  • 1Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 26, 2022
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Summary

Gender disparities persist in science, with citation networks revealing that a scholar's gender significantly impacts recognition, unlike institutional prestige. This affects women's representation in science.

Keywords:
bibliometricsgendergender disparitiesscience of science

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Science
  • Bibliometrics
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Women are underrepresented in science, particularly in senior roles, hindering mentorship and role models.
  • Efforts to improve gender diversity have not fully resolved these disparities.
  • The lack of elite women scientists perpetuates cycles of underrepresentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender disparities in scientific recognition using citation networks.
  • To determine if gender or institutional prestige is a stronger predictor of recognition patterns.
  • To provide evidence on the role of gender in scientific success.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of author citation networks for scholars elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
  • Quantitative assessment of peer citation patterns to identify gender-based differences.
  • Comparison of citation structures between scholars from high-ranked and low-ranked institutions.

Main Results:

  • Significant gender disparities were identified in peer citation patterns.
  • These gender-based citation differences were sufficiently distinct to predict a scholar's gender.
  • No significant disparities were observed based on institutional prestige or rank.

Conclusions:

  • A scholar's gender demonstrably influences recognition and success within the scientific community.
  • Citation network analysis is a viable method for detecting gender bias in science.
  • Prestige of institution is not as influential as gender in scientific recognition patterns.