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[Paraneoplastic dermatopolymyositis].

A Ponge, J M Mussini, T Ponge

    La Revue De Medecine Interne
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis and polymyositis occurred in 15.25% of adult cases. These paraneoplastic cases showed a higher female predominance and mean age, with milder muscle lesions compared to non-paraneoplastic forms.

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Neurology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
    • Paraneoplastic syndromes can manifest as these myopathies.
    • Understanding the characteristics of paraneoplastic inflammatory myopathies is crucial for early cancer detection.

    Observation:

    • A retrospective review of 59 adult cases of dermatomyositis or polymyositis over 11 years.
    • 9 cases (15.25%) were identified as paraneoplastic in origin.
    • Compared to non-paraneoplastic cases, paraneoplastic cases exhibited a striking female predominance (8/9) and a higher mean age (61.11 years).

    Findings:

    • The proportion of paraneoplastic inflammatory myopathies aligns with existing literature (14.6%).
    • In paraneoplastic cases, dermatomyositis was more common (7/9) than polymyositis (2/9).

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  • Cancer was diagnosed concurrently with the myopathy in 7 out of 9 paraneoplastic cases.
  • Muscle histology in paraneoplastic cases revealed moderate lesions without fibrosis, contrasting with non-paraneoplastic forms.

    • Implications:

    • The distinct demographic and clinical features of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis and polymyositis may aid in identifying patients with an underlying malignancy.
    • Early recognition of these paraneoplastic syndromes is vital for timely cancer diagnosis and management.
    • Histopathological differences in muscle tissue could offer further diagnostic clues.