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Long-term adherence to imported fire ant subcutaneous immunotherapy.

Brittanie I Neaves1, Karla E Adams2, Kevin M White2

  • 1Department of Allergy-Immunology, Keesler Medical Center, Biloxi, Mississippi.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
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Long-term adherence to imported fire ant (IFA) immunotherapy is poor, with only 13% completing 5 years. Initial sting severity and treatment protocols predict adherence to IFA immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Imported fire ant (IFA) whole-body extract subcutaneous immunotherapy (IT) is a recognized treatment for IFA hypersensitivity.
  • The recommended treatment duration for IFA IT is 3 to 5 years for optimal efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the long-term adherence rates of patients undergoing IFA immunotherapy.
  • To identify factors influencing adherence in individuals allergic to IFA in an endemic region.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 87 patients with IFA-sting systemic reactions from 2007 to 2014.
  • Annual follow-up to evaluate interval immunotherapy adherence.
  • Analysis of adherence based on demographics, initial sting severity, and concurrent treatments.

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Main Results:

  • 89% of patients initiated IFA IT within a year of recommendation.
  • Only 23% adhered to a 3-year course and 13% to a 5-year course.
  • Predictors of adherence included initial sting severity, buildup protocol, and concurrent Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term adherence to IFA IT is suboptimal.
  • Factors such as initial sting severity and specific treatment protocols influence patient adherence.
  • Relocation and inconvenience were primary reasons for treatment discontinuation.