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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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The...
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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Nanopore-based technologies beyond DNA sequencing.

Yi-Lun Ying1, Zheng-Li Hu1, Shengli Zhang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Nature Nanotechnology
|September 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanopore technology, inspired by biology, offers ultrasensitive single-molecule analysis beyond DNA/RNA sequencing. Future applications include protein analysis, clinical diagnostics, and biomimetic research, driven by improved nanopore design.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nanopore techniques mimic biological molecular recognition and transport.
  • These methods have revolutionized DNA/RNA sequencing with portability and long reads.
  • Current applications extend beyond nucleic acids to diverse molecular analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the broad applications of nanopores in molecular sensing and sequencing.
  • To highlight emerging uses in chemical catalysis and biophysical characterization.
  • To explore future prospects in advanced scientific challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanopore technology.
  • Analysis of current and potential applications.
  • Discussion of advancements in nanopore design and biomimetic systems.

Main Results:

  • Nanopore technology enables ultrasensitive single-molecule analysis.
  • Applications span DNA/RNA sequencing, molecular sensing, and biophysical characterization.
  • Emerging areas include single-protein analysis, covalent chemistry, and liquid biopsy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore technology offers a versatile platform for molecular analysis.
  • Future advancements in pore design will unlock new scientific applications.
  • Synthetic biomimetic nanopores serve as valuable models for natural systems.