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Association of SARS-CoV-2 and Polypharmacy with Gut-Lung Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment

Jonaid Ahmad Malik1,2, Sakeel Ahmed3, Zahid Yaseen4

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.

ACS Omega
|September 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 impacts the lungs and other organs, worsening comorbidities, especially in the elderly. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and polypharmacy complicate SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a global pandemic with high mortality.
  • The virus primarily targets the respiratory system but affects multiple organs, including the cardiovascular, psychological, and gastrointestinal systems.
  • Elderly patients and those with comorbidities, particularly on polypharmacy, face increased COVID-19 complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microbiota in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • To examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the gut-lung axis.
  • To discuss how COVID-19 exacerbates comorbidities and the influence of polypharmacy on microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the gut-lung axis, microbiota, COVID-19, comorbidities, and polypharmacy.
  • Analysis of existing research on the interactions between microbial communities and host responses in COVID-19.
  • Synthesis of findings related to dysbiosis and its clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • Lung microbiota composition influences COVID-19 severity, with opportunistic pathogens exacerbating damage.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to bidirectional gut-organ interactions, worsening disease symptoms.
  • COVID-19 can worsen pre-existing comorbidities, with polypharmacy potentially altering microbiota and impacting outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Dysbiosis in the gut-lung axis is a significant factor in COVID-19 severity.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can exacerbate comorbidities, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • The interplay between polypharmacy and microbiota warrants further investigation in the context of COVID-19.

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