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Published on: February 22, 2015
Cell-based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis
Maximiliano Borda1, Jorge B Aquino1,2, Graciela L Mazzone1,2
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Abstract:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell-based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
Insights
Cell-based therapies show promise for multiple sclerosis (MS) by promoting myelin repair and reducing neuroinflammation. However, challenges remain in selecting optimal cell types for effective treatment and myelin regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS).
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination.
- Astrocytes and microglia play key roles in oligodendroglial cell death in MS pathogenesis.
- Current MS therapies primarily manage inflammation but do not significantly promote repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review experimental cell-based therapeutic strategies for myelin repair in MS.
- To discuss the efficacy and limitations of various cell types in preclinical MS models.
- To explore potential future directions for cell therapy in MS.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental studies utilizing different cell types for MS treatment.
- Analysis of outcomes in various animal models of MS.
- Evaluation of remyelination, neuroinflammation, glial activation, and neuroprotection.
Main Results:
- Diverse cell types have been tested, yielding varied results in promoting myelin repair and reducing disease activity.
- Observed benefits include improved remyelination, reduced neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection.
- Each cell type presents unique advantages and disadvantages for therapeutic application.
Conclusions:
- Cell-based therapies offer potential for myelin repair and amelioration of MS.
- Choosing the optimal cell source for MS treatment remains a challenge.
- Combination strategies involving cell therapy may enhance myelin repair and MS treatment outcomes.
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