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[Oncolytic Viruses in the Therapy of Lymphoproliferative Diseases]

P O Vorobyev1, F E Babaeva2, A V Panova3

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|September 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses offer a promising cancer treatment by selectively destroying tumor cells and activating anti-cancer immunity. Viral therapy shows effectiveness, even in drug-resistant cancers, leading to remissions.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Despite advances, challenges like tumor relapse, drug resistance, and treatment efficacy persist in lymphatic system cancers.
  • Oncolytic viruses present a novel therapeutic strategy targeting cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment.
  • To highlight their mechanism of action and effectiveness against various neoplasms.
  • To discuss their application in drug-resistant lymphoproliferative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the natural replication properties of oncolytic viruses within tumor cells.
  • Leveraging the induction of antitumor immune responses.
  • Developing and applying specifically engineered viral strains with high oncoselectivity.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate in and destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues.
  • Viral therapy demonstrates efficacy by activating antitumor immunity.
  • Significant remissions have been observed in patients with drug-resistant lymphoproliferative diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virus therapy is a viable and effective treatment modality for various cancers.
  • Advances in virology and host-cell interaction have enabled the development of clinically applicable oncoselective viral strains.
  • This approach holds significant promise for overcoming challenges in current cancer therapies, particularly for resistant neoplasms.
Keywords:
clinical trialslymphoproliferative diseasesoncolytic virusesspontaneous remissionvirotherapy

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