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    People tend to overweight positive trends when synthesizing conflicting data from charts. They also favor less steep slopes when data trends align, impacting information synthesis and data storytelling.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Information Science
    • Data Visualization

    Background:

    • Scientific knowledge advances through cumulative discoveries, often communicated via visualizations and text.
    • Readers must integrate diverse and contrasting evidence from multiple sources to form opinions.
    • Synthesizing information from multiple visualizations is an under-explored cognitive mechanism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying information synthesis from sequential line charts.
    • To characterize how individuals weigh evidence from paired visualizations with varying relationships.
    • To identify design implications for effective data storytelling.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted four experiments with 1166 participants synthesizing evidence from pairs of line charts.
    • Varied chart context (baseline, real-world scenarios, text descriptions) and slope relationships (direction and magnitude).
    • Analyzed participants' synthesis behaviors based on the interplay between chart information.

    Main Results:

    • Participants tended to overweight the positive slope when charts showed opposite trends (e.g., positive vs. negative).
    • Participants tended to overweight the less steep slope when charts showed similar trends (e.g., both positive).
    • Synthesis behavior was influenced by the relationship between visualized information.

    Conclusions:

    • Characterized participants' synthesis behaviors in response to paired data visualizations.
    • Contributed to theories of cognitive mechanisms in information synthesis.
    • Provided design implications for data storytelling and visualization design.