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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

5.0K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.2K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Constructing Thioether/Vinyl Sulfide-tethered Helical Peptides Via Photo-induced Thiol-ene/yne Hydrothiolation
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Тhio-containing pteridines: Synthesis, modification, and biological activity.

Maxim S Kazunin1, N V Groma2, Inna S Nosulenko3

  • 1Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.

Archiv Der Pharmazie
|September 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel thio-containing pteridines and evaluated their biological activity. Some compounds showed promising antiradical properties, though dihydrofolate reductase inhibition was less potent than methotrexate.

Keywords:
DHFR inhibitorsfree-radical scavenging activitymodificationsynthesisthio-containing pteridines

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pteridine derivatives are known for diverse biological activities.
  • Novel thio-containing pteridines offer potential as therapeutic agents.
  • Understanding structure-activity relationships is crucial for drug discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel thio-containing pteridines.
  • To evaluate their inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
  • To assess their antiradical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Condensation reactions for pteridine synthesis.
  • In silico docking studies for DHFR active site affinity prediction.
  • In vitro enzyme inhibition assays (DHFR).
  • Antioxidant activity assays (DPPH assay).

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a series of novel thio-containing pteridines.
  • In silico analysis showed comparable DHFR affinity to methotrexate.
  • In vitro DHFR inhibition was observed, but less potent than methotrexate.
  • Compounds 5.1 and 5.3 exhibited significant antiradical activity, exceeding ascorbic acid.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized thio-containing pteridines represent a promising scaffold for developing new biologically active agents.
  • Structure-activity relationship data guides further optimization for enhanced DHFR inhibition and antiradical effects.
  • These compounds warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic applications.