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Dietary restriction and ageing: Recent evolutionary perspectives.

Mark T Mc Auley1

  • 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|September 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan, but the mechanism is unclear. Emerging evidence challenges the resource reallocation theory, suggesting a more complex relationship between reproduction, somatic maintenance, and longevity.

Keywords:
Caloric RestrictionDietary RestrictionDisposable Soma TheoryEvolutionLongevityResource Reallocation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established intervention for extending lifespan.
  • The prevailing evolutionary hypothesis posits that DR promotes longevity by reallocating resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance.
  • This resource reallocation model suggests a trade-off between reproductive investment and lifespan extension.

Approach:

  • This review critically examines the evidence supporting and refuting the resource reallocation model.
  • It explores recent findings that challenge the traditional understanding of DR's effects on life history trade-offs.
  • The review synthesizes current research to re-evaluate the link between life history theory and dietary restriction.

Key Points:

  • Growing evidence suggests that the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan during DR is not always apparent.
  • Specific nutrient manipulations can decouple the relationship between reproduction and somatic maintenance.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the evolutionary underpinnings of dietary restriction.

Conclusions:

  • The resource reallocation model may be an incomplete explanation for how dietary restriction extends lifespan.
  • Alternative models and emerging variables need to be considered to fully understand DR's evolutionary impact.
  • Further research is crucial to unravel the complex interplay between DR, life history, and longevity.