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Development and performance of a sleep estimation algorithm using a single accelerometer placed on the thigh: an

Peter J Johansson1, Patrick Crowley2, John Axelsson3

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Sleep Research
|September 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm using thigh-worn accelerometers can estimate sleep duration and activity. While not perfect, it offers group-level accuracy for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in free-living settings.

Keywords:
actigraphyactivity tracker; wearablesphysical activitysedentary behaviour

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Sleep Science
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Thigh-worn accelerometers accurately measure physical activity, posture, and sedentary behavior.
  • The accuracy of estimating sleep duration and quality from thigh-worn accelerometers against polysomnography is uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an algorithm for sleep estimation using raw data from thigh-worn accelerometers.
  • To compare the algorithm's performance against polysomnography, the gold standard for sleep measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Algorithm development and optimization using polysomnography data from 15 adults in a lab setting.
  • Validation on a separate dataset of 71 adult males sleeping at home with simultaneous ambulatory polysomnography and thigh-worn accelerometer monitoring.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 0.84 and specificity of 0.55 for sleep period estimation compared to polysomnography.
  • Sleep intervals were underestimated by 21 minutes (LoAR 130 min) and total sleep time by 32 minutes (LoAR 233 min).

Conclusions:

  • A single thigh-worn accelerometer, using the developed algorithm, can provide sufficiently accurate group-level estimates of sleep interval and total sleep time.
  • This approach supports simultaneous measurement of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in free-living conditions.