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A healthy Mediterranean diet may protect cognitive function, even with altered brain connectivity. Adherence to the diet, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), buffered the negative effects of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) on fluid reasoning.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Lifestyle factors influence brain health and cognition.
  • No prior studies investigated diet's effect on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognition.
  • The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is a potential modulator of brain-body interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if Mediterranean diet (MeDi) adherence moderates the relationship between internetwork resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive performance.
  • To explore how diet influences the neural underpinnings of cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • 201 healthy adults (20-80 years) underwent resting-state fMRI to assess rsFC across 10 networks.
  • Participants completed cognitive tests measuring perceptual speed, fluid reasoning, episodic memory, and vocabulary.
  • Dietary intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaires, categorizing participants into low, moderate, and high MeDi adherence groups.

Main Results:

  • The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) group significantly moderated the association between internetwork rsFC and fluid reasoning for nine of 10 networks.
  • In individuals with low MeDi adherence, higher internetwork rsFC predicted poorer fluid reasoning.
  • This negative association was not observed in moderate and high MeDi adherence groups, suggesting a protective dietary effect.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to a healthy diet, like the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), may support cognitive function by mitigating the potential negative impact of altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC).
  • Diet plays a crucial role in brain health and cognitive resilience.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects of diet on neural processes and cognitive trajectories.